保险合同“另有约定”条款异化问题的司法矫治

    On Judicial Correction of Alienation of “Otherwise Agreed” Clause in Insurance Contracts

    • 摘要: 实践中,保险合同“另有约定”条款异化后,既损害合同当事人合法权益,又危害金融市场安全稳定。现行立法在规制该问题过程中存在忽视法益保护要求、合同条款无效规则不完整,以及无效后的裁判规则不明确等问题。以《保险法》基础法益保护为导向,根据保险人保险行为的金融营业行为与射幸合同行为之性质分别建构相应的规范体系,是矫治该异化问题的基础。应当明确异化保险合同“另有约定”条款的认定标准,完善异化保险合同“另有约定”条款的无效规则,并根据合同条款的无效情况区分适用无效后的裁判规则等。

       

      Abstract: In practice, the alienation of the “otherwise agreed” clause in insurance contracts not only damages the legitimate rights and interests of contract parties but also endangers the security and stability of the financial market. There are some problems in the process of regulating this problem in the current legislation, such as neglecting the requirements of protecting legal interests, incomplete invalidity rules of contract clause, and unclear judgment rules after invalidation. Guided by the protection of basic legal interests in the Insurance Law , to construct a corresponding rule system according to the nature of the insurer’s insurance behavior, which has dual legal nature of financial business behavior and aleatory contract behavior is the basis for correcting the alienation problem. It is necessary to clarify the criteria for identifying alienated “otherwise agreed” clauses in insurance contracts, improve the invalidity rules of the alienated “otherwise agreed” clauses in insurance contracts, and distinguish the application of judgment rules based on the invalid situation of contract terms after being ruled invalid.

       

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