Abstract: To meet the demand of high-precision three-dimensional inspection for surface dimensional machining quality of large structural parts, an active line structured light rotary scanning inspection system was designed. Firstly, a camera active rotary scanning method was adopted to be appropriate for the inspection of large structural parts with large span and many features, being not easy to move. And a new rapid calibration method was proposed based on one point only on the target to calibrate the rotation center of the system, being suitable for rapid calibration of large structural parts at inspection locations. Then, a coding mechanism was added to adjust dynamically the scanning speed according to the changes of the object characteristics, improving the detection efficiency and versatility of the measured system, ensuring the transfer of every component individually and expandability of the system. Finally, the serial port logic was improved to further increase the density of the 3D point cloud for scanning. Experimental results show that the maximum deviation of the system can reach 0.0310 mm from the standard object, and the maximum standard deviation is 0.0150 mm, the detection error is within 0.05 mm of for large structural parts, satisfying the demand for high-precision three-dimensional quality inspection for the surface features of large structural parts.