非机动车闯红灯场景下辅助驾驶汽车驾驶人接管行为研究

Driver Takeover Behavior of Advanced Driver Assistance Vehicles Under Scenarios of Red Light Running by Non-Motorized Vehicles

  • 摘要: 随着高级别辅助驾驶汽车渗透率的持续增加,非机动车闯红灯过街等违规行为引发的信号交叉口接管事件将会增多,进而可能对通行效率和交通安全产生负面影响. 为降低此类负面影响,本文针对非机动车闯红灯场景开展高级别辅助驾驶汽车驾驶人接管行为研究,基于驾驶模拟器设计了考虑不同交叉口类型和冲突类型的接管实验,招募被试30名,建立广义线性混合模型分析了非机动车闯红灯场景下交叉口类型和冲突类型对驾驶人接管绩效、生理特征和视觉特征的影响. 研究发现:相比于8车道×8车道交叉口,在8车道×4车道交叉口下驾驶人接管过程中的碰撞风险更高、运行稳定性更差,认知负荷和心理紧张程度均更高;相比于直−左和直−直冲突条件,直−右冲突条件下驾驶人接管车辆过程中的碰撞风险更大,心理紧张程度、认知负荷和信息搜索频率也均更高. 此外,对于直−右冲突条件下的驾驶人接管绩效,信号交叉口大小的影响较弱. 以上结果表明高级别辅助驾驶系统需要重点关注小交叉口运行场景和直−右冲突场景. 本研究可为相关法规政策制定及高级别辅助驾驶安全设计提供依据.

     

    Abstract: As the penetration rate of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) continues to rise, incidents are expected to increase at signalized intersections due to violations, such as non-motorized vehicles running red lights and crossing streets, potentially undermining traffic efficiency and safety. To mitigate these adverse effects, a takeover behavior was investigated in this paper for the drivers of high-level assisted driving vehicles under the scenarios with red light running of non-motorized vehicles. Firstly, a takeover experiment was arranged based on a driving simulator, considering the various intersection types and conflict conditions. And then, 30 participants were recruited to develop a generalized linear mixed model ( GLMM ) to analyze the influence of intersection type and conflict type on driver takeover performance, physiological responses, and visual behaviors when faced with non-motorized vehicles running red lights. The experiment results show that drivers at an 8-lane by 4-lane intersection experience a heightened collision risk and diminished operational stability during the takeover process compared to those at an 8-lane by 8-lane intersection. Additionally, they exhibit increased cognitive load and psychological stress levels. Furthermore, under straight-to-right conflict conditions the risk of collision is significantly greater than that under straight-to-left or straightforward conflicts, presenting alongside elevated levels of psychological tension, cognitive load, and frequency of information search during vehicle takeovers. Notably, the size of signalized intersections has a relatively minor impact on driver takeover performance in straight-to-right conflict situations. These results underscore the necessity for high-level assisted driving systems to prioritize small intersection operations and straight-to-right conflict scenarios. This research provides foundational insights for developing relevant regulations and policies as well as enhancing safety designs for advanced driver assistance technologies.

     

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