A Full-Duplex-Based Integrated Sensing and Communication Survey: Principles, Key Techniques, and Receiver Design

TY - JOUR

T1 - A Full-Duplex-Based Integrated Sensing and Communication Survey

T2 - Principles, Key Techniques, and Receiver Design

AU - Du, Changhao

AU - Zhang, Hongru

AU - Zhang, Xueting

AU - Zhao, Zizheng

AU - Yang, Jie

AU - Zhang, Xinyuan

AU - Xing, Zhifang

AU - Feng, Zhipeng

AU - Zuo, Shiyu

AU - Xu, Canni

AU - Leng, Yongqing

AU - Zhang, Zhongshan

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 1998-2012 IEEE.

PY - 2026

Y1 - 2026

N2 - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC), recognized as a cornerstone technology for sixth-generation (6G) cellular networks, achieves hardware complexity reduction and power efficiency through unified waveform and spectral resource multiplexing. By integrating Full-Duplex (FD) technology into ISAC systems, FD-ISAC surpasses conventional Time Division Duplex (TDD)-ISAC architectures by enhancing communication capacity, eliminating sensing coverage gaps, and enabling seamless communication-sensing coordination. This survey systematically explores the technological framework of FD-ISAC. Specifically, fundamental theories for downlink ISAC are established initially, emphasizing communication-centric waveform designs and channel modeling techniques. Subsequently, a comprehensive FD-ISAC system model is developed, incorporating critical analyses of enabling technologies such as self-interference cancellation (SIC) mechanisms and radar sensing frameworks. State-of-the-art hardware implementations are then presented, featuring FD-SIC-optimized communication modules integrated with FD sensing subsystems. To address scalability constraints, miniaturization challenges are rigorously examined through the proposal of on-chip integration strategies specifically engineered for micro-platform deployments. Concluding the analysis, pressing technical bottlenecks are systematically identified, with future research trajectories formulated to advance FD-ISAC deployment.

AB - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC), recognized as a cornerstone technology for sixth-generation (6G) cellular networks, achieves hardware complexity reduction and power efficiency through unified waveform and spectral resource multiplexing. By integrating Full-Duplex (FD) technology into ISAC systems, FD-ISAC surpasses conventional Time Division Duplex (TDD)-ISAC architectures by enhancing communication capacity, eliminating sensing coverage gaps, and enabling seamless communication-sensing coordination. This survey systematically explores the technological framework of FD-ISAC. Specifically, fundamental theories for downlink ISAC are established initially, emphasizing communication-centric waveform designs and channel modeling techniques. Subsequently, a comprehensive FD-ISAC system model is developed, incorporating critical analyses of enabling technologies such as self-interference cancellation (SIC) mechanisms and radar sensing frameworks. State-of-the-art hardware implementations are then presented, featuring FD-SIC-optimized communication modules integrated with FD sensing subsystems. To address scalability constraints, miniaturization challenges are rigorously examined through the proposal of on-chip integration strategies specifically engineered for micro-platform deployments. Concluding the analysis, pressing technical bottlenecks are systematically identified, with future research trajectories formulated to advance FD-ISAC deployment.

KW - Sixth generation (6G)

KW - channel model

KW - full-duplex (FD)

KW - integrated sensing and communication (ISAC)

KW - radar sensing

KW - self-interference (SI) cancellation

KW - system-on-chip (SoC)

KW - waveform design

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105009433047

U2 - 10.1109/COMST.2025.3582948

DO - 10.1109/COMST.2025.3582948

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105009433047

SN - 1553-877X

VL - 28

SP - 1285

EP - 1317

JO - IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials

JF - IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials

ER -