A Three-Step Data Acquisition Optimization Algorithm for Hourly 3-D Deformation Field Construction Based on GNSS-InBSAR

TY - JOUR

T1 - A Three-Step Data Acquisition Optimization Algorithm for Hourly 3-D Deformation Field Construction Based on GNSS-InBSAR

AU - Liu, Feifeng

AU - Zhou, Jingtian

AU - Wang, Zhanze

AU - Xu, Zhixiang

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 1980-2012 IEEE.

PY - 2026

Y1 - 2026

N2 - A global navigation satellite system (GNSS) based bistatic synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InBSAR) system enables 3-D deformation monitoring through the association of measurements from multiple navigation satellites. The system can further utilize diverse satellite combinations to obtain 3-D measurements at different time periods, overcoming the reorbit time limitations of traditional InSAR and achieving hourly deformation monitoring. However, the abundance of navigation satellites introduces significant flexibility in transmitter selection, and the constrained data processing capacity of receivers poses critical challenges for high-frequency data acquisition design. This article proposes a three-step data acquisition optimization algorithm for hourly 3-D deformation field construction based on GNSS-InBSAR. First, the receiver location is optimized based on the uniform distribution assumption of transmitters. Second, a multifactor optimization model is established to obtain high-quality acquisition time points and corresponding satellite combinations, including evaluation algorithms for mirror-image interference and theoretical 3-D deformation accuracy. Finally, the optimal acquisition plan is generated using the greedy algorithm, accompanied by a short interval deformation output method. Experimental validation using BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) raw data demonstrates the algorithm’s effectiveness in achieving 3-D deformation monitoring at a 2-h interval. The 3-D deformation monitoring accuracy is verified by differential GNSS equipment.

AB - A global navigation satellite system (GNSS) based bistatic synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InBSAR) system enables 3-D deformation monitoring through the association of measurements from multiple navigation satellites. The system can further utilize diverse satellite combinations to obtain 3-D measurements at different time periods, overcoming the reorbit time limitations of traditional InSAR and achieving hourly deformation monitoring. However, the abundance of navigation satellites introduces significant flexibility in transmitter selection, and the constrained data processing capacity of receivers poses critical challenges for high-frequency data acquisition design. This article proposes a three-step data acquisition optimization algorithm for hourly 3-D deformation field construction based on GNSS-InBSAR. First, the receiver location is optimized based on the uniform distribution assumption of transmitters. Second, a multifactor optimization model is established to obtain high-quality acquisition time points and corresponding satellite combinations, including evaluation algorithms for mirror-image interference and theoretical 3-D deformation accuracy. Finally, the optimal acquisition plan is generated using the greedy algorithm, accompanied by a short interval deformation output method. Experimental validation using BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) raw data demonstrates the algorithm’s effectiveness in achieving 3-D deformation monitoring at a 2-h interval. The 3-D deformation monitoring accuracy is verified by differential GNSS equipment.

KW - 3-D deformation monitoring

KW - global navigation satellite system (GNSS) bistatic synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InBSAR)

KW - multifactor optimization

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105027518536

U2 - 10.1109/TGRS.2026.3654658

DO - 10.1109/TGRS.2026.3654658

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105027518536

SN - 0196-2892

VL - 64

JO - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

JF - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

M1 - 5800316

ER -