TY - JOUR
T1 - Accurate and Efficient Pattern Synthesis Using Generative Adversarial Network for Series-Fed Microstrip Antenna Array With New Elements
AU - Chen, Kexin
AU - Bao, Zengdi
AU - Liu, Yitao
AU - Li, Yang
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 1963-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2026
Y1 - 2026
N2 - Due to the unique geometry-dependent control of element amplitudes and phases, accurate and flexible pattern synthesis remains complex and challenging for series-fed microstrip antennas (SFMAs). In this communication, a modified physics-guided generative adversarial network (GAN) is developed to synthesize SFMA geometries for given pattern objectives. This synthesis framework offers higher efficiency and better synthesized patterns compared to traditional metaheuristic algorithms. Additionally, it does not require network pretraining. Moreover, new trapezoidal radiating elements acquiring ultralow reflection over a wide tuning range of coupling coefficients are proposed to maintain the traveling-wave mode, which is essential for accurate pattern control. Unlike other designs, these elements do not require additional reflection-canceling structures, thereby simplifying the antenna structure and synthesis process. Measured results of prototypes with a cosecant-squared (CSC2) pattern and a low-sidelobe pattern show excellent agreement with their respective pattern objective across 79–81 GHz, which validate the effectiveness of the synthesis method and the proposed element.
AB - Due to the unique geometry-dependent control of element amplitudes and phases, accurate and flexible pattern synthesis remains complex and challenging for series-fed microstrip antennas (SFMAs). In this communication, a modified physics-guided generative adversarial network (GAN) is developed to synthesize SFMA geometries for given pattern objectives. This synthesis framework offers higher efficiency and better synthesized patterns compared to traditional metaheuristic algorithms. Additionally, it does not require network pretraining. Moreover, new trapezoidal radiating elements acquiring ultralow reflection over a wide tuning range of coupling coefficients are proposed to maintain the traveling-wave mode, which is essential for accurate pattern control. Unlike other designs, these elements do not require additional reflection-canceling structures, thereby simplifying the antenna structure and synthesis process. Measured results of prototypes with a cosecant-squared (CSC2) pattern and a low-sidelobe pattern show excellent agreement with their respective pattern objective across 79–81 GHz, which validate the effectiveness of the synthesis method and the proposed element.
KW - Cosecant-squared (CSC)-shaped pattern
KW - generative adversarial network (GAN)
KW - low sidelobe
KW - pattern synthesis
KW - series-fed antenna
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105025106948
U2 - 10.1109/TAP.2025.3641763
DO - 10.1109/TAP.2025.3641763
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105025106948
SN - 0018-926X
VL - 74
SP - 2833
EP - 2838
JO - IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
JF - IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
IS - 3
ER -