An Examination Method of Color Vision Deficiency Based on Cone Fundamentals Reconstruction

Various methods, including the Farnsworth–Munsell 100 hue test, Ishihara test, Nagel anomaloscope, etc. have been proposed for diagnosing color vision deficiency. Despite their prevalence, these methods exhibit potential misjudgments in diagnosis. This inherent limitation stems from the oversight of individual differences in physiological parameters of the human visual system within the population. This paper introduces a color vision deficiency examination method based on the reconstruction of LMS cone fundamentals. The cone fundamentals are derived from the optimization of seven physiological parameters using matching results of multiple color pairs, categorized into three groups: Rayleigh match, Moreland match, and white match. All the pairs within each group vary in the peak wavelength of the narrow-band primary, except for the white channels, which have broader bandwidths. The accuracy of reconstructed cone fundamentals has been verified through k-fold cross-validation. The reconstructed cone fundamentals provide a basis for the accurate estimation of the type and severity of color vision abnormalities. Importantly, it has been demonstrated that the diagnosis results are consistent with those obtained by the Ishihara test, RCCT, BCVT, and CBC test confirming the reliability of the proposed methodology.