TY - JOUR
T1 - Calibration-Free Rydberg Atomic Receiver for Sub-MHz Wireless Communications and Sensing
AU - Chen, Minze
AU - Mao, Tianqi
AU - Xiao, Wei
AU - Wu, Zhonghuai
AU - Li, Dapeng
AU - Cui, Mingyao
AU - Zeng, Qunsong
AU - Zheng, Dezhi
AU - Huang, Kaibin
AU - Wang, Zhaocheng
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 1967-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2026/7/1
Y1 - 2026/7/1
N2 - The exploitation of sub-MHz (<1 MHz) benefits a wide range of applications like underwater vehicular communication, subsurface exploration, low-frequency navigation etc. The traditional electrical receivers in this band are either hundreds of meters long or, when miniaturized, inefficient and bandwidth-limited, making them inapplicable for practical underwater implementations. Such obstacles can be circumvented by the emerging Rydberg atomic receiving technology, which is capable of detecting fields from DC up to the terahertz regime with compact structure. Against this background, we propose a method to detect sub-MHz electric fields without further calibration. Specifically, a physics-based model of the combined DC and AC-Stark response is established. Based on the model, we modulate the DC-Stark spectrum with the received signal and extract its amplitude by fitting the cycle-averaged, symmetric Stark-split peaks. Then we map this swing directly to the intrinsic atomic polarizability. By such operations, the proposed method can remove the dependence on electrode spacing or field-amplitude references. For performance evaluation, six-level Lindblad simulations and experiments conducted at a low-frequency field of 30 kHz demonstrate a minimum detectable field of 5.3 mV/cm, with stable readout across practical optical-power variations. The approach manages to expand the operating range of Rydberg atomic receivers below 1 MHz, and enables compact, calibration-free quantum front ends for underwater and subsurface receivers.
AB - The exploitation of sub-MHz (<1 MHz) benefits a wide range of applications like underwater vehicular communication, subsurface exploration, low-frequency navigation etc. The traditional electrical receivers in this band are either hundreds of meters long or, when miniaturized, inefficient and bandwidth-limited, making them inapplicable for practical underwater implementations. Such obstacles can be circumvented by the emerging Rydberg atomic receiving technology, which is capable of detecting fields from DC up to the terahertz regime with compact structure. Against this background, we propose a method to detect sub-MHz electric fields without further calibration. Specifically, a physics-based model of the combined DC and AC-Stark response is established. Based on the model, we modulate the DC-Stark spectrum with the received signal and extract its amplitude by fitting the cycle-averaged, symmetric Stark-split peaks. Then we map this swing directly to the intrinsic atomic polarizability. By such operations, the proposed method can remove the dependence on electrode spacing or field-amplitude references. For performance evaluation, six-level Lindblad simulations and experiments conducted at a low-frequency field of 30 kHz demonstrate a minimum detectable field of 5.3 mV/cm, with stable readout across practical optical-power variations. The approach manages to expand the operating range of Rydberg atomic receivers below 1 MHz, and enables compact, calibration-free quantum front ends for underwater and subsurface receivers.
KW - Rydberg atomic receiver
KW - calibration-free
KW - quantum sensing
KW - sub-MHz
KW - underwater vehicular communication
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105028803759
U2 - 10.1109/TVT.2026.3657971
DO - 10.1109/TVT.2026.3657971
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105028803759
SN - 0018-9545
VL - 75
SP - 15234
EP - 15239
JO - IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
JF - IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
IS - 7
ER -