TY - JOUR
T1 - Cascaded Spatial Confinement Enables Simultaneous Ultrahigh Energy and Power Densities in Planar Micro-Supercapacitors
AU - Chen, Yu
AU - Wang, Ying
AU - Wu, Wenpeng
AU - Zhao, Yuhan
AU - Shi, Wanyi
AU - Zhao, Yang
AU - Jiang, Lan
AU - Qu, Liangti
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2026 American Chemical Society
PY - 2026/4/28
Y1 - 2026/4/28
N2 - Planar microsupercapacitors (P-MSCs) with high power density and conformal configurations could provide on-chip power supply in the design of highly integrated electronics. However, achieving a breakthrough in overall energy within a finite footprint requires establishing an effective structure-performance relationship. Here, we present a cascaded spatial confinement strategy to construct a 3D interlocked P-MSC that couples force fields with charge transport/storage behavior, enabling ion-electron enrichment. Laser-etched pyramid microarrays on graphite current collectors create capillary forces that confine both electrode slurry and electrolyte to build a compact conduction network, while establishing a robust ion-electron interaction interface, significantly facilitating ion accessibility and kinetics. Using Zn//active carbon (AC) P-MSC as an example, the strategy boosts active material utilization by over 2-fold, and delivers an outstanding energy density of 117.5 mWh cm–3 and a power density of 2382.0 mW cm–3, exceeding those reported for Zn//AC P-MSCs by several to tens of times, and surpassing nearly all existing Zn-based P-MSCs in areal performance. The approach demonstrates reliable universality across various P-MSC systems (eight types are verified). Integrated devices show notable advantages in powering miniaturized electronics and flexible displays, possessing a voltage output approximately 4.7 times that of a same-sized dry battery, and are also configured as emergency power chips to charge smartphones.
AB - Planar microsupercapacitors (P-MSCs) with high power density and conformal configurations could provide on-chip power supply in the design of highly integrated electronics. However, achieving a breakthrough in overall energy within a finite footprint requires establishing an effective structure-performance relationship. Here, we present a cascaded spatial confinement strategy to construct a 3D interlocked P-MSC that couples force fields with charge transport/storage behavior, enabling ion-electron enrichment. Laser-etched pyramid microarrays on graphite current collectors create capillary forces that confine both electrode slurry and electrolyte to build a compact conduction network, while establishing a robust ion-electron interaction interface, significantly facilitating ion accessibility and kinetics. Using Zn//active carbon (AC) P-MSC as an example, the strategy boosts active material utilization by over 2-fold, and delivers an outstanding energy density of 117.5 mWh cm–3 and a power density of 2382.0 mW cm–3, exceeding those reported for Zn//AC P-MSCs by several to tens of times, and surpassing nearly all existing Zn-based P-MSCs in areal performance. The approach demonstrates reliable universality across various P-MSC systems (eight types are verified). Integrated devices show notable advantages in powering miniaturized electronics and flexible displays, possessing a voltage output approximately 4.7 times that of a same-sized dry battery, and are also configured as emergency power chips to charge smartphones.
KW - cascaded spatial confinement
KW - enhanced utilization
KW - integrated application
KW - ion-electron enrichment
KW - microsupercapacitor
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105037067697
U2 - 10.1021/acsnano.6c02331
DO - 10.1021/acsnano.6c02331
M3 - Article
C2 - 41985168
AN - SCOPUS:105037067697
SN - 1936-0851
VL - 20
SP - 12662
EP - 12672
JO - ACS Nano
JF - ACS Nano
IS - 16
ER -