Cruciform-hinged conjugated polymers unlock the conductivity-hydrophilicity-insolubility triad for high-performance aqueous sodium-ion batteries

Jiang Zhang; Qifeng Jiang; Qian Cheng; Ruoxi Wang; Richen Jia; Changyi Liu; Yuanyuan Xiong; Weina Han; Zexin Jin; Colin Nuckolls; Lan Jiang

doi:10.1016/j.chempr.2025.102835

Cruciform-hinged conjugated polymers unlock the conductivity-hydrophilicity-insolubility triad for high-performance aqueous sodium-ion batteries

Jiang Zhang
, Qifeng Jiang
, Qian Cheng
, Ruoxi Wang
, Richen Jia
, Changyi Liu
, Yuanyuan Xiong
, Weina Han
, Zexin Jin
, Colin Nuckolls^*
, Lan Jiang^*

^*此作品的通讯作者

Beijing Institute of Technology
Columbia University
Westlake University

科研成果: 期刊稿件 › 文章 › 同行评审

4 引用（Scopus）

摘要

Organic materials are ideal candidates for next-generation sustainable energy storage because of their structural tunability and eco-friendliness. However, their development in aqueous batteries has been limited by the challenge of simultaneously achieving high electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, and insolubility. Here, we designed a conjugated polymer incorporating 65° cruciform hinges, which promote amorphous structures and expose polar groups at the electrode-electrolyte interface, thus breaking the limitation. When used as an anode for aqueous sodium-ion batteries, this polymer delivers specific capacities of 118 mAh g⁻¹ at 1 C and 80 mAh g⁻¹ at 20 C and retains 91% capacity after 35,000 cycles. Full pouch cells with high areal loadings (10 mg cm⁻¹) demonstrate ultrahigh power output (up to 50 C), excellent cycling stability over 10,000 cycles, and performance across a broad temperature range. This work establishes design principles for structurally simple, durable, and high-performance organic polymers, advancing intrinsically safe aqueous organic batteries toward real-world applications.

源语言	英语
期刊论文编号	102835
期刊	Chem
卷	12
期	5
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2025.102835
出版状态	已出版 - 14 5月 2026
已对外发布	是

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title = "Cruciform-hinged conjugated polymers unlock the conductivity-hydrophilicity-insolubility triad for high-performance aqueous sodium-ion batteries",

abstract = "Organic materials are ideal candidates for next-generation sustainable energy storage because of their structural tunability and eco-friendliness. However, their development in aqueous batteries has been limited by the challenge of simultaneously achieving high electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, and insolubility. Here, we designed a conjugated polymer incorporating 65° cruciform hinges, which promote amorphous structures and expose polar groups at the electrode-electrolyte interface, thus breaking the limitation. When used as an anode for aqueous sodium-ion batteries, this polymer delivers specific capacities of 118 mAh g−1 at 1 C and 80 mAh g−1 at 20 C and retains 91\% capacity after 35,000 cycles. Full pouch cells with high areal loadings (10 mg cm−1) demonstrate ultrahigh power output (up to 50 C), excellent cycling stability over 10,000 cycles, and performance across a broad temperature range. This work establishes design principles for structurally simple, durable, and high-performance organic polymers, advancing intrinsically safe aqueous organic batteries toward real-world applications.",

keywords = "aqueous sodium-ion battery, conductivity-hydrophilicity-insolubility triad, conjugated polymers, organic materials for aqueous battery, polymer synthesis",

author = "Jiang Zhang and Qifeng Jiang and Qian Cheng and Ruoxi Wang and Richen Jia and Changyi Liu and Yuanyuan Xiong and Weina Han and Zexin Jin and Colin Nuckolls and Lan Jiang",

note = "Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc.",

year = "2026",

month = may,

day = "14",

doi = "10.1016/j.chempr.2025.102835",

language = "English",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Cruciform-hinged conjugated polymers unlock the conductivity-hydrophilicity-insolubility triad for high-performance aqueous sodium-ion batteries

AU - Zhang, Jiang

AU - Jiang, Qifeng

AU - Cheng, Qian

AU - Wang, Ruoxi

AU - Jia, Richen

AU - Liu, Changyi

AU - Xiong, Yuanyuan

AU - Han, Weina

AU - Jin, Zexin

AU - Nuckolls, Colin

AU - Jiang, Lan

PY - 2026/5/14

Y1 - 2026/5/14

N2 - Organic materials are ideal candidates for next-generation sustainable energy storage because of their structural tunability and eco-friendliness. However, their development in aqueous batteries has been limited by the challenge of simultaneously achieving high electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, and insolubility. Here, we designed a conjugated polymer incorporating 65° cruciform hinges, which promote amorphous structures and expose polar groups at the electrode-electrolyte interface, thus breaking the limitation. When used as an anode for aqueous sodium-ion batteries, this polymer delivers specific capacities of 118 mAh g−1 at 1 C and 80 mAh g−1 at 20 C and retains 91% capacity after 35,000 cycles. Full pouch cells with high areal loadings (10 mg cm−1) demonstrate ultrahigh power output (up to 50 C), excellent cycling stability over 10,000 cycles, and performance across a broad temperature range. This work establishes design principles for structurally simple, durable, and high-performance organic polymers, advancing intrinsically safe aqueous organic batteries toward real-world applications.

AB - Organic materials are ideal candidates for next-generation sustainable energy storage because of their structural tunability and eco-friendliness. However, their development in aqueous batteries has been limited by the challenge of simultaneously achieving high electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, and insolubility. Here, we designed a conjugated polymer incorporating 65° cruciform hinges, which promote amorphous structures and expose polar groups at the electrode-electrolyte interface, thus breaking the limitation. When used as an anode for aqueous sodium-ion batteries, this polymer delivers specific capacities of 118 mAh g−1 at 1 C and 80 mAh g−1 at 20 C and retains 91% capacity after 35,000 cycles. Full pouch cells with high areal loadings (10 mg cm−1) demonstrate ultrahigh power output (up to 50 C), excellent cycling stability over 10,000 cycles, and performance across a broad temperature range. This work establishes design principles for structurally simple, durable, and high-performance organic polymers, advancing intrinsically safe aqueous organic batteries toward real-world applications.

KW - aqueous sodium-ion battery

KW - conductivity-hydrophilicity-insolubility triad

KW - conjugated polymers

KW - organic materials for aqueous battery

KW - polymer synthesis

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U2 - 10.1016/j.chempr.2025.102835

DO - 10.1016/j.chempr.2025.102835

M3 - Article

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SN - 2451-9308

VL - 12

JO - Chem

JF - Chem

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M1 - 102835

ER -

Cruciform-hinged conjugated polymers unlock the conductivity-hydrophilicity-insolubility triad for high-performance aqueous sodium-ion batteries

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