TY - JOUR
T1 - Error Performance Characterization of LoRa-Based Direct-to-Satellite IoT
AU - Yu, Quantao
AU - Mishra, Deepak
AU - Wang, Hua
AU - He, Dongxuan
AU - Yuan, Jinhong
AU - Matthaiou, Michail
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 IEEE.
PY - 2026
Y1 - 2026
N2 - Recently, Long-Range (LoRa)-based direct-to-satellite Internet-of-Things (DtS-IoT) has garnered widespread attention from both academia and industry due to its capability to provide pervasive connectivity in an energy-efficient and cost-effective manner. A rigorous error performance analysis of such a new paradigm is quite essential for future green IoT communications. In this paper, we provide a novel analytical framework to characterize the error performance of LoRa-based DtS-IoT systems by leveraging an empirically-verified satellite-to-ground channel model. To enable a practical performance analysis, non-coherent detection is considered in the presence of interference along with the relative time and frequency offsets, where the corresponding decision metrics are theoretically derived. Based on this, closed-form symbol and bit error rate expressions are obtained by approximating the impact of the overall interference distributed within the decision metrics by that of the peak interference. Moreover, the impact of some key system parameters, such as the spreading factor (SF), bandwidth, and the end-device’s (ED’s) location, on the error performance is thoroughly investigated. The validity of our theoretical analysis is substantiated by extensive numerical simulations, where further insights are obtained into the error performance improvements of LoRa-based DtS-IoT systems.
AB - Recently, Long-Range (LoRa)-based direct-to-satellite Internet-of-Things (DtS-IoT) has garnered widespread attention from both academia and industry due to its capability to provide pervasive connectivity in an energy-efficient and cost-effective manner. A rigorous error performance analysis of such a new paradigm is quite essential for future green IoT communications. In this paper, we provide a novel analytical framework to characterize the error performance of LoRa-based DtS-IoT systems by leveraging an empirically-verified satellite-to-ground channel model. To enable a practical performance analysis, non-coherent detection is considered in the presence of interference along with the relative time and frequency offsets, where the corresponding decision metrics are theoretically derived. Based on this, closed-form symbol and bit error rate expressions are obtained by approximating the impact of the overall interference distributed within the decision metrics by that of the peak interference. Moreover, the impact of some key system parameters, such as the spreading factor (SF), bandwidth, and the end-device’s (ED’s) location, on the error performance is thoroughly investigated. The validity of our theoretical analysis is substantiated by extensive numerical simulations, where further insights are obtained into the error performance improvements of LoRa-based DtS-IoT systems.
KW - Direct-to-satellite IoT (DtS-IoT)
KW - LoRa
KW - error performance
KW - green IoT
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105028214804
U2 - 10.1109/TGCN.2026.3653969
DO - 10.1109/TGCN.2026.3653969
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105028214804
SN - 2473-2400
VL - 10
SP - 1879
EP - 1893
JO - IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking
JF - IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking
ER -