Multidimensional Fingerprinting Strategy for the Quality Evaluation of Sporoderm-Broken Ganoderma lucidum Spores

Wenwei Li; Yao Xie; Zijia Lu; Qianyi Huang; Wenyi Kang; Axin Liang

doi:10.1155/jfq/4488279

Multidimensional Fingerprinting Strategy for the Quality Evaluation of Sporoderm-Broken Ganoderma lucidum Spores

Wenwei Li
, Yao Xie
, Zijia Lu
, Qianyi Huang
, Wenyi Kang^*
, Axin Liang^*

^*此作品的通讯作者

生命学院

Beijing Institute of Technology
Ltd
Henan University
Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function

科研成果: 期刊稿件 › 文章 › 同行评审

摘要

It remains challenging to improve the quality standard system of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for TCM development. Currently, it is urgently needed to develop an integrated, effective, and scientific approach to improve the efficacy, safety, and quality consistency of sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum (SSGL). In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied in combination with electrochemical (EC) technologies for constructing a multidimensional fingerprint (FP) to comprehensively assess SSGL samples. First, an EC FP (EC-FP) was constructed with the B-Z oscillation system; thereafter, eight representative parameters of this system were obtained and compared across the 15 samples. Furthermore, an HPLC FP (HPLC-FP) was also built for further analyzing the representative parameters. Subsequently, the systematically quantified FP method (SQFM), principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and orthogonal partial least squares method−discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were employed for classifying distinct samples and comparing the results between HPLC-FP and EC-FP. The two approaches complemented one another and successfully distinguished samples from various sources. In conclusion, bivariate correlation analysis (BCA) was employed to examine the relationships between FP and efficacy for both HPLC-FP and EC-FP. A linear correlation (r ≥ 0.800) between peak top potential (Epet) and HPLC peak area suggested that Epet might be used to predict chemical content. This novel method innovates detection dimensions, transcends single-mode detection for trace bioactive components in complex matrices, and expands EC detection’s frontier in separation science. In the present work, HPLC-FP and EC-FP contribute to detecting the SSGL quality, which offers a new way for improving the SSGL quality standard and studying its quality standard method.

源语言	英语
文章编号	4488279
期刊	Journal of Food Quality
卷	2026
期	1
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1155/jfq/4488279
出版状态	已出版 - 2026

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10.1155/jfq/4488279

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@article{c8c0b2d4c62f4eba98e20df0549d7453,

title = "Multidimensional Fingerprinting Strategy for the Quality Evaluation of Sporoderm-Broken Ganoderma lucidum Spores",

abstract = "It remains challenging to improve the quality standard system of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for TCM development. Currently, it is urgently needed to develop an integrated, effective, and scientific approach to improve the efficacy, safety, and quality consistency of sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum (SSGL). In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied in combination with electrochemical (EC) technologies for constructing a multidimensional fingerprint (FP) to comprehensively assess SSGL samples. First, an EC FP (EC-FP) was constructed with the B-Z oscillation system; thereafter, eight representative parameters of this system were obtained and compared across the 15 samples. Furthermore, an HPLC FP (HPLC-FP) was also built for further analyzing the representative parameters. Subsequently, the systematically quantified FP method (SQFM), principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and orthogonal partial least squares method−discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were employed for classifying distinct samples and comparing the results between HPLC-FP and EC-FP. The two approaches complemented one another and successfully distinguished samples from various sources. In conclusion, bivariate correlation analysis (BCA) was employed to examine the relationships between FP and efficacy for both HPLC-FP and EC-FP. A linear correlation (r ≥ 0.800) between peak top potential (Epet) and HPLC peak area suggested that Epet might be used to predict chemical content. This novel method innovates detection dimensions, transcends single-mode detection for trace bioactive components in complex matrices, and expands EC detection{\textquoteright}s frontier in separation science. In the present work, HPLC-FP and EC-FP contribute to detecting the SSGL quality, which offers a new way for improving the SSGL quality standard and studying its quality standard method.",

keywords = "Ganoderma lucidum, HPLC fingerprint, electrochemical fingerprint, quality control",

author = "Wenwei Li and Yao Xie and Zijia Lu and Qianyi Huang and Wenyi Kang and Axin Liang",

note = "Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2026 Wenwei Li et al. Journal of Food Quality published by John Wiley \& Sons Ltd.",

year = "2026",

doi = "10.1155/jfq/4488279",

language = "English",

volume = "2026",

journal = "Journal of Food Quality",

issn = "0146-9428",

publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Inc.",

number = "1",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Multidimensional Fingerprinting Strategy for the Quality Evaluation of Sporoderm-Broken Ganoderma lucidum Spores

AU - Li, Wenwei

AU - Xie, Yao

AU - Lu, Zijia

AU - Huang, Qianyi

AU - Kang, Wenyi

AU - Liang, Axin

PY - 2026

Y1 - 2026

N2 - It remains challenging to improve the quality standard system of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for TCM development. Currently, it is urgently needed to develop an integrated, effective, and scientific approach to improve the efficacy, safety, and quality consistency of sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum (SSGL). In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied in combination with electrochemical (EC) technologies for constructing a multidimensional fingerprint (FP) to comprehensively assess SSGL samples. First, an EC FP (EC-FP) was constructed with the B-Z oscillation system; thereafter, eight representative parameters of this system were obtained and compared across the 15 samples. Furthermore, an HPLC FP (HPLC-FP) was also built for further analyzing the representative parameters. Subsequently, the systematically quantified FP method (SQFM), principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and orthogonal partial least squares method−discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were employed for classifying distinct samples and comparing the results between HPLC-FP and EC-FP. The two approaches complemented one another and successfully distinguished samples from various sources. In conclusion, bivariate correlation analysis (BCA) was employed to examine the relationships between FP and efficacy for both HPLC-FP and EC-FP. A linear correlation (r ≥ 0.800) between peak top potential (Epet) and HPLC peak area suggested that Epet might be used to predict chemical content. This novel method innovates detection dimensions, transcends single-mode detection for trace bioactive components in complex matrices, and expands EC detection’s frontier in separation science. In the present work, HPLC-FP and EC-FP contribute to detecting the SSGL quality, which offers a new way for improving the SSGL quality standard and studying its quality standard method.

AB - It remains challenging to improve the quality standard system of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for TCM development. Currently, it is urgently needed to develop an integrated, effective, and scientific approach to improve the efficacy, safety, and quality consistency of sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum (SSGL). In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied in combination with electrochemical (EC) technologies for constructing a multidimensional fingerprint (FP) to comprehensively assess SSGL samples. First, an EC FP (EC-FP) was constructed with the B-Z oscillation system; thereafter, eight representative parameters of this system were obtained and compared across the 15 samples. Furthermore, an HPLC FP (HPLC-FP) was also built for further analyzing the representative parameters. Subsequently, the systematically quantified FP method (SQFM), principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and orthogonal partial least squares method−discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were employed for classifying distinct samples and comparing the results between HPLC-FP and EC-FP. The two approaches complemented one another and successfully distinguished samples from various sources. In conclusion, bivariate correlation analysis (BCA) was employed to examine the relationships between FP and efficacy for both HPLC-FP and EC-FP. A linear correlation (r ≥ 0.800) between peak top potential (Epet) and HPLC peak area suggested that Epet might be used to predict chemical content. This novel method innovates detection dimensions, transcends single-mode detection for trace bioactive components in complex matrices, and expands EC detection’s frontier in separation science. In the present work, HPLC-FP and EC-FP contribute to detecting the SSGL quality, which offers a new way for improving the SSGL quality standard and studying its quality standard method.

KW - Ganoderma lucidum

KW - HPLC fingerprint

KW - electrochemical fingerprint

KW - quality control

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105034177849

U2 - 10.1155/jfq/4488279

DO - 10.1155/jfq/4488279

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105034177849

SN - 0146-9428

VL - 2026

JO - Journal of Food Quality

JF - Journal of Food Quality

IS - 1

M1 - 4488279

ER -

Multidimensional Fingerprinting Strategy for the Quality Evaluation of Sporoderm-Broken Ganoderma lucidum Spores

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