TY - JOUR
T1 - Sb doping facilitates particle refinement and improves transparent NIR insulation of CsxWO3 for energy-saving coating
AU - Li, Qianyi
AU - Zheng, Yuxuan
AU - Zhang, Jingyao
AU - Xiong, Zhiyong
AU - Jin, Haibo
AU - Su, Yuefeng
AU - Feng, Caihong
AU - Li, Ning
AU - Wang, Chengzhi
AU - Li, Jingbo
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2026/3
Y1 - 2026/3
N2 - Cesium tungsten bronze (CsxWO3) is of significant interest due to its unique spectral selectivity, which is utilized in transparent thermal insulation coatings. However, the low-cost batch preparation of CsxWO3 nanopowders remains a challenge. In this study, we performed an Sb doping modification of CsxWO3. It was observed that Sb doping makes CsxWO3 more prone to breakage, facilitating the preparation of nanoparticle CsxWO3 through a simple solid-state reaction followed by mechanical milling. A 7 % Sb doping results in a small average particle size of 108 nm using moderate ball milling. Meanwhile, appropriate Sb doping enhances the transparent thermal insulation properties of CsxWO3. A 3 % Sb doping raises the integrated visible light transmittance ( T lum, 380–780 nm) of CsxWO3 from 61.7 % to 65.40 %, and improves the near-infrared shielding efficiency ( Ψ NIR, 780–2500 nm) from 61.20 % to 65.92 %, increasing by approximately 4 % and 5 %, respectively. The reasons for these property improvements are discussed based on experiments concerning bandgap ( E g) and oxygen vacancy concentrations induced by Sb doping. This study indicates that Sb doping of 1–3 at% can produce CsxWO3 nanopowders with better performance in a low-cost method, which is of great significance for advancing the production and practical application of nano-sized tungsten bronze powder in energy-saving coatings.
AB - Cesium tungsten bronze (CsxWO3) is of significant interest due to its unique spectral selectivity, which is utilized in transparent thermal insulation coatings. However, the low-cost batch preparation of CsxWO3 nanopowders remains a challenge. In this study, we performed an Sb doping modification of CsxWO3. It was observed that Sb doping makes CsxWO3 more prone to breakage, facilitating the preparation of nanoparticle CsxWO3 through a simple solid-state reaction followed by mechanical milling. A 7 % Sb doping results in a small average particle size of 108 nm using moderate ball milling. Meanwhile, appropriate Sb doping enhances the transparent thermal insulation properties of CsxWO3. A 3 % Sb doping raises the integrated visible light transmittance ( T lum, 380–780 nm) of CsxWO3 from 61.7 % to 65.40 %, and improves the near-infrared shielding efficiency ( Ψ NIR, 780–2500 nm) from 61.20 % to 65.92 %, increasing by approximately 4 % and 5 %, respectively. The reasons for these property improvements are discussed based on experiments concerning bandgap ( E g) and oxygen vacancy concentrations induced by Sb doping. This study indicates that Sb doping of 1–3 at% can produce CsxWO3 nanopowders with better performance in a low-cost method, which is of great significance for advancing the production and practical application of nano-sized tungsten bronze powder in energy-saving coatings.
KW - Energy-saving coating
KW - Near-infrared shielding
KW - Sb-doped CsWO nanopowders
KW - Transparent heat insulation
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105020929351
U2 - 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114039
DO - 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114039
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105020929351
SN - 0927-0248
VL - 296
JO - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells
JF - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells
M1 - 114039
ER -