Insect 3-D Alignment Retrieval From Multiview and Multifrequency Entomological Radars Using Symmetry Constrained Estimation

TY - JOUR

T1 - Insect 3-D Alignment Retrieval From Multiview and Multifrequency Entomological Radars Using Symmetry Constrained Estimation

AU - Wang, Jiangtao

AU - Wang, Rui

AU - Li, Weidong

AU - Tan, Lijia

AU - Jiang, Qi

AU - Tian, Weiming

AU - Hu, Cheng

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2004-2012 IEEE.

PY - 2026

Y1 - 2026

N2 - Estimating the 3-D alignment of migratory insects is essential for understanding their 3-D directional behavior. The existing approach reconstructs 3-D alignment using azimuthal angle measurements from dual-view entomological radars. However, the measurement errors often propagate into the reconstructed 3-D alignment, causing significant inaccuracies, especially under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. To overcome this problem, this letter proposes a new method based on a multiview, multifrequency, and full-polarization entomological radar system. The method directly estimates insect 3-D alignment by integrating polarization scattering matrices (SMs) from multiple views and frequencies, leveraging the assumption of scattering symmetry in insect bodies. For symmetric targets, the off-diagonal SM elements vanish when the polarization direction aligns with the symmetry plane. Based on this theory, an optimization problem is formulated to estimate 3-D alignment by minimizing the sum of the powers of off-diagonal elements across multiview and multifrequency SMs. Both simulations and field experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves substantially higher accuracy than the traditional method.

AB - Estimating the 3-D alignment of migratory insects is essential for understanding their 3-D directional behavior. The existing approach reconstructs 3-D alignment using azimuthal angle measurements from dual-view entomological radars. However, the measurement errors often propagate into the reconstructed 3-D alignment, causing significant inaccuracies, especially under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. To overcome this problem, this letter proposes a new method based on a multiview, multifrequency, and full-polarization entomological radar system. The method directly estimates insect 3-D alignment by integrating polarization scattering matrices (SMs) from multiple views and frequencies, leveraging the assumption of scattering symmetry in insect bodies. For symmetric targets, the off-diagonal SM elements vanish when the polarization direction aligns with the symmetry plane. Based on this theory, an optimization problem is formulated to estimate 3-D alignment by minimizing the sum of the powers of off-diagonal elements across multiview and multifrequency SMs. Both simulations and field experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves substantially higher accuracy than the traditional method.

KW - Entomological radar

KW - insect 3-D alignment

KW - multifrequency

KW - multiview

KW - polarization scattering matrix

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105023195428

U2 - 10.1109/LGRS.2025.3637820

DO - 10.1109/LGRS.2025.3637820

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105023195428

SN - 1545-598X

VL - 23

JO - IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters

JF - IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters

M1 - 3500305

ER -