TY - JOUR
T1 - Insect 3-D Alignment Retrieval From Multiview and Multifrequency Entomological Radars Using Symmetry Constrained Estimation
AU - Wang, Jiangtao
AU - Wang, Rui
AU - Li, Weidong
AU - Tan, Lijia
AU - Jiang, Qi
AU - Tian, Weiming
AU - Hu, Cheng
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2004-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2026
Y1 - 2026
N2 - Estimating the 3-D alignment of migratory insects is essential for understanding their 3-D directional behavior. The existing approach reconstructs 3-D alignment using azimuthal angle measurements from dual-view entomological radars. However, the measurement errors often propagate into the reconstructed 3-D alignment, causing significant inaccuracies, especially under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. To overcome this problem, this letter proposes a new method based on a multiview, multifrequency, and full-polarization entomological radar system. The method directly estimates insect 3-D alignment by integrating polarization scattering matrices (SMs) from multiple views and frequencies, leveraging the assumption of scattering symmetry in insect bodies. For symmetric targets, the off-diagonal SM elements vanish when the polarization direction aligns with the symmetry plane. Based on this theory, an optimization problem is formulated to estimate 3-D alignment by minimizing the sum of the powers of off-diagonal elements across multiview and multifrequency SMs. Both simulations and field experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves substantially higher accuracy than the traditional method.
AB - Estimating the 3-D alignment of migratory insects is essential for understanding their 3-D directional behavior. The existing approach reconstructs 3-D alignment using azimuthal angle measurements from dual-view entomological radars. However, the measurement errors often propagate into the reconstructed 3-D alignment, causing significant inaccuracies, especially under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. To overcome this problem, this letter proposes a new method based on a multiview, multifrequency, and full-polarization entomological radar system. The method directly estimates insect 3-D alignment by integrating polarization scattering matrices (SMs) from multiple views and frequencies, leveraging the assumption of scattering symmetry in insect bodies. For symmetric targets, the off-diagonal SM elements vanish when the polarization direction aligns with the symmetry plane. Based on this theory, an optimization problem is formulated to estimate 3-D alignment by minimizing the sum of the powers of off-diagonal elements across multiview and multifrequency SMs. Both simulations and field experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves substantially higher accuracy than the traditional method.
KW - Entomological radar
KW - insect 3-D alignment
KW - multifrequency
KW - multiview
KW - polarization scattering matrix
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105023195428
U2 - 10.1109/LGRS.2025.3637820
DO - 10.1109/LGRS.2025.3637820
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105023195428
SN - 1545-598X
VL - 23
JO - IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters
JF - IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters
M1 - 3500305
ER -